鋁單板由于(yu)重量輕、比強度高、耐腐蝕性(xing)能好(hao)、無(wu)磁(ci)性(xing)、成形性(xing)好(hao)及(ji)低溫(wen)性(xing)能好(hao)等特點而被廣泛地應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)各種加工(gong)結構(gou)產品中,采(cai)用(yong)鋁單板(ban)代替(ti)鋼板(ban)材(cai)料加工(gong),結構(gou)重量可減輕50%以上.

    鋁單板加工主要存在(zai)6大難點:

    第一(yi)點:鋁單(dan)板加工容易產生氣孔;

    第二點:鋁單板加工接頭軟化嚴(yan)重(zhong),強度系數低(di),這也是阻礙(ai)鋁單板應用的(de)最大障礙(ai);

    第三點:鋁單板加(jia)工易產生熱裂紋;

 ;   第四點:鋁單板表面易(yi)產生(sheng)難熔的氧化膜(Al2O3其(qi)熔點為2060 ℃) ,這(zhe)就需要采用大功率密度的加工工藝;

    第五點:鋁(lv)單板熱導(dao)率大(約為鋼的(de)4倍) ,相(xiang)同加(jia)工速度(du)下,熱輸(shu)入要比(bi)加(jia)工鋼材大2~4倍.

    第六點:線(xian)膨脹系(xi)數(shu)大,易產生加工(gong)變形;

    因此,鋁(lv)單板(ban)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求(qiu)采(cai)用(yong)能量(liang)密度大、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱輸入小、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)速(su)度高的(de)(de)高效加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法.針對(dui)鋁(lv)單板(ban)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)難(nan)點(dian),近(jin)些(xie)年(nian)來提出了幾種(zhong)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),在交(jiao)通(tong)、航天、航空等行業得到了一定應(ying)用(yong),幾種(zhong)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)可以(yi)很好(hao)地解(jie)決鋁(lv)單板(ban)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)難(nan)點(dian),焊(han)(han)后(hou)(hou)接頭(tou)(tou)性能良好(hao),并可以(yi)對(dui)以(yi)前(qian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)性不(bu)好(hao)或不(bu)可焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)鋁(lv)單板(ban)進行加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong).其工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作原理是(shi)(shi)用(yong)一種(zhong)特殊(shu)形式的(de)(de)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)頭(tou)(tou)插入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件待(dai)焊(han)(han)部(bu)位(wei),通(tong)過攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)頭(tou)(tou)高速(su)旋轉與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件間的(de)(de)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)摩(mo)擦,摩(mo)擦產生熱使(shi)該(gai)部(bu)位(wei)金屬(shu)處(chu)于(yu)熱塑(su)性狀態(tai)(tai),并在攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)壓力(li)作用(yong)下從其前(qian)端向(xiang)后(hou)(hou)部(bu)塑(su)性流動(dong),從而(er)使(shi)焊(han)(han)件壓焊(han)(han)在一起.由(you)于(yu)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)摩(mo)擦焊(han)(han)過程中不(bu)存在金屬(shu)的(de)(de)熔化,是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)固態(tai)(tai)連(lian)接過程,故加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)不(bu)存在熔焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)缺陷,可以(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)熔焊(han)(han)方法難(nan)以(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)色金屬(shu)材料(liao),如鋁(lv)及(ji)高強鋁(lv)單板(ban)、銅合金、鈦合金以(yi)及(ji)異種(zhong)材料(liao)、復合材料(liao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等.目前(qian)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)摩(mo)擦焊(han)(han)在鋁(lv)單板(ban)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方面(mian)研究應(ying)用(yong)較多