20世紀60—70年代(dai)(dai),在"以(yi)鋁(lv)代(dai)(dai)銅"方針的指引下(xia),我國鋁(lv)芯電力電纜(lan)(lan)的使用比例(li)一(yi)(yi)度達40%左右,為了(le)推廣(guang)使用鋁(lv)芯電力電纜(lan)(lan),開展了(le)一(yi)(yi)系列針對電纜(lan)(lan)連(lian)接的研(yan)究和推廣(guang)應用工作(zuo).20世紀80年代(dai)(dai)改(gai)革開放后,鋁(lv)芯電力電纜(lan)(lan)的使用比例(li)大幅下(xia)降,目前低于10%.

    近年來,鋁合金電纜在電力電纜行業(ye)中的應用被過(guo)度炒作,亂象(xiang)凸顯,主(zhu)要(yao)是個(ge)別電纜制造企(qi)業(ye)的夸大所致(zhi).

    電力(li)電纜市場(chang)格(ge)局(ju)是以銅為主

    中(zhong)國經(jing)濟時報:銅芯電纜(lan)在電力電纜(lan)市場占據主導地(di)位,為何本(ben)有(you)定(ding)論的事情,近年來在業界(jie)卻產(chan)生了動(dong)搖?

 ;   王厚余(yu):其(qi)實,銅(tong)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)一直占據市(shi)(shi)場主體,這主要是因為:其(qi)一,利用(yong)進口銅(tong)資(zi)源生產銅(tong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan),安全可(ke)靠(kao)、施工方便(bian)、維護成本低,即使價格(ge)相(xiang)對略高,但更(geng)能贏(ying)得電(dian)(dian)力部門的青睞.其(qi)二(er),從安全可(ke)靠(kao)的角度出發,使用(yong)鋁芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的關鍵(jian)是接頭技術及其(qi)使用(yong)的可(ke)靠(kao)性,我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)施工技術和(he)維護管(guan)理水(shui)平無(wu)法確保(bao)鋁電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)安全可(ke)靠(kao)運行(xing).其(qi)三(san),由于城市(shi)(shi)尤其(qi)是大型城市(shi)(shi)的地下敷設空(kong)間有限,不利于使用(yong)鋁電(dian)(dian)纜(lan),國(guo)內(nei)有些(xie)省份設計供電(dian)(dian)系統曾發出指令,35千(qian)伏以下才可(ke)以使用(yong)鋁芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan).

    近年來,鋁合金(jin)電(dian)纜在電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜行業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的應用(yong)被(bei)過度炒作,亂象凸顯,主(zhu)要是個別電(dian)纜制造(zao)企業(ye)(ye)的夸(kua)大宣傳所(suo)致,這對用(yong)戶的理性(xing)選擇造(zao)成了干擾,搞亂了市場與投資秩序,損害了電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜與銅鋁行業(ye)(ye)的利益.

    "以鋁(lv)代銅"存在認識誤區

    中國經濟時報(bao):由于我國的鋁(lv)(lv)產能這幾(ji)年過剩嚴重,為(wei)了擴(kuo)大鋁(lv)(lv)的消費量(liang),在(zai)電力電纜市場中開始重提(ti)"以鋁(lv)(lv)代銅",這會對(dui)我國相關領域(yu)造成哪(na)些傷害?

    黃崇祺:由(you)于銅(tong)(tong)、鋁及鋁合金(jin)導體(ti)各(ge)有自己(ji)的(de)(de)特性(xing),選(xuan)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)、鋁或鋁合金(jin)的(de)(de)電纜(lan)應由(you)設計和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)者根據(ju)綜合經(jing)濟技術效果和運行(xing)安全(quan)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)來決定,而(er)非(fei)簡單用(yong)"以鋁節銅(tong)(tong)"的(de)(de)口號即(ji)可(ke)籠(long)統地(di)解決問題.因此(ci)應本著實(shi)事求是的(de)(de)精神(shen),在(zai)應該選(xuan)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)電纜(lan)的(de)(de)領域使(shi)(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)導體(ti),可(ke)以選(xuan)用(yong)鋁作導體(ti)的(de)(de)產(chan)品,如經(jing)科學實(shi)驗,試用(yong)成功,就(jiu)可(ke)以推(tui)廣應用(yong),但反對(dui)盲目推(tui)行(xing),否則會(hui)使(shi)(shi)產(chan)品質量下降,甚至安全(quan)事故(gu)頻發(fa).

    當前我國(guo)"以鋁節銅(tong)"和(he)"以鋁代銅(tong)"存在(zai)著以下(xia)幾個問(wen)題(ti):一是宣傳失(shi)實,沒有(you)做到正常、有(you)序地(di)推進(jin)鋁及鋁合金(jin)電纜(lan)的應用(yong);二是誤導(dao)投(tou)資,使(shi)電纜(lan)行業(ye)中、低檔產(chan)品早已(yi)過剩的產(chan)能(neng)進(jin)一步(bu)擴大;三是個別(bie)企業(ye)申報稀土(tu)高鐵(tie)鋁合金(jin)導(dao)體材料的專利;四是推進(jin)"以鋁節銅(tong)"和(he)"以鋁代銅(tong)"在(zai)利潤刺激下(xia)似乎(hu)是制造方(fang)"熱",而應用(yong)方(fang)"溫",實際上雙方(fang)都還缺乏充分(fen)的技術(shu)準(zhun)備和(he)市場準(zhun)備.

    中(zhong)國(guo)經濟時報:目前在國(guo)內(nei)對(dui)于(yu)電力電纜市場中(zhong)的"以鋁代銅"存在一些認識誤區,根據您的調研,主要存在哪些問(wen)題(ti)?

    黃崇祺:主要(yao)有三大誤區(qu)(qu).誤區(qu)(qu)一:鋁(lv)(lv)和(he)鋁(lv)(lv)合金電(dian)纜(lan)是節能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)纜(lan),比(bi)(bi)銅電(dian)纜(lan)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(見表2).據有關研究,從原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)金屬材料生(sheng)產和(he)應用的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)比(bi)(bi)較:從生(sheng)產金屬的(de)單(dan)(dan)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)計算分(fen)析,原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)單(dan)(dan)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)是陰(yin)極銅能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)2.2倍;從綜(zong)合載流(liu)量等因素分(fen)析,1噸(dun)(dun)(dun)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)仍(reng)然比(bi)(bi)2噸(dun)(dun)(dun)陰(yin)極銅的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)高出約(yue)10%;從行業技(ji)術進(jin)步及發展規劃(hua)計算分(fen)析,到2015年,原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)是陰(yin)極銅單(dan)(dan)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)約(yue)2.8倍,1噸(dun)(dun)(dun)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)比(bi)(bi)2噸(dun)(dun)(dun)陰(yin)極銅的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)高出約(yue)39%.

    總之(zhi),至少在(zai)(zai)(zai)原生金屬材料階(jie)(jie)段(duan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)等效(xiao)可比的(de)能耗方(fang)面(mian),銅電纜要優于(yu)鋁電纜;在(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同條件下,銅的(de)導電率明顯優于(yu)鋁,更優于(yu)鋁合(he)金.因(yin)此,在(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)用階(jie)(jie)段(duan),產品的(de)終端用戶,應(ying)按綜合(he)技術(shu)、經濟(ji)效(xiao)果和安全運(yun)行要求擇優選用.

    誤區二:失實對比宣傳銅(tong)(tong)、鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin)導(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能,招(zhao)致設(she)計者質疑,影響(xiang)合理(li)地選用(yong)(yong)電(dian)纜(lan).在(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),通常(chang)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)率(軟(ruan)狀態)銅(tong)(tong)>鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)>鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin);軟(ruan)狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柔(rou)軟(ruan)性(xing)(xing)(彎曲性(xing)(xing))特別在(zai)(zai)(zai)細線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia),銅(tong)(tong)>鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)>鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin).導(dao)(dao)體制成電(dian)纜(lan)以(yi)后,它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柔(rou)軟(ruan)性(xing)(xing)(彎曲性(xing)(xing))還與電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(絕緣(yuan)、鎧裝等)有(you)關,如(ru)果(guo)(guo)以(yi)聯鎖鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin)鎧裝鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)和(he)鋼帶鎧裝鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)相(xiang)比,那(nei)前(qian)者當然為(wei)好;金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)體材料(liao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)劣,與其在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介質和(he)材料(liao)密切(qie)相(xiang)關.架空裸導(dao)(dao)線(xian)與電(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)芯(xin)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)同,不(bu)能混為(wei)一談.一般(ban)(ban)而(er)言,純鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)比鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin)好,人們試圖加入(ru)(ru)某種元素,開發耐(nai)(nai)(nai)蝕(shi)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin),但(dan)到目前(qian)還未見進入(ru)(ru)工業(ye)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong).在(zai)(zai)(zai)含鐵和(he)硅(gui)比較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)工用(yong)(yong)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)中,如(ru)加入(ru)(ru)適量稀土,在(zai)(zai)(zai)鹽霧中(相(xiang)當于在(zai)(zai)(zai)沿海地區架設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼芯(xin)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)絞線(xian)線(xian)路(lu))試驗證明,可改(gai)善(shan)其耐(nai)(nai)(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing),但(dan)如(ru)果(guo)(guo)含鐵、硅(gui)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv),則其結(jie)果(guo)(guo)是(shi)相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de).作為(wei)電(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)芯(xin)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)、鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)、鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin),一般(ban)(ban)而(er)言,其耐(nai)(nai)(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)應(ying)為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)優(you)于鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)及(ji)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)合金(jin)(jin),但(dan)必須指出(chu),電(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)芯(xin)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)線(xian),如(ru)果(guo)(guo)絕緣(yuan)材料(liao)中有(you)硫,則銅(tong)(tong)表(biao)面就(jiu)會產生(sheng)"發粘(zhan)發黑"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)產物.因此銅(tong)(tong)線(xian)表(biao)面要鍍一層錫(xi)(xi),其原(yuan)因就(jiu)是(shi)要使(shi)錫(xi)(xi)起到隔離的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong);銅(tong)(tong)包鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing),一旦銅(tong)(tong)表(biao)面出(chu)現"針孔(kong)"(露鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)),將產生(sheng)加速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)化腐蝕(shi),從而(er)導(dao)(dao)致脆斷.

    誤區三:鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)巨大(da)的(de)(de)投資(zi)機會.據報道,某企業(ye)(ye)已(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)幾(ji)(ji)個地區投資(zi)了(le)幾(ji)(ji)個制造稀土高鐵鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)工廠(chang),總計(ji)投入幾(ji)(ji)十億(yi)人民(min)幣,幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)后(hou)每(mei)個新建(jian)企業(ye)(ye)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可達100億(yi)元(yuan);甚至還有(you)(you)報道說(shuo)"預(yu)計(ji)未(wei)來5年(nian)內(nei)我國(guo)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)市場將(jiang)高速發展,形成2000億(yi)元(yuan)以上的(de)(de)市場規模".現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)纜(lan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)外已(yi)掀(xian)起瘋狂(kuang)的(de)(de)投資(zi)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)熱潮(chao),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)說(shuo)有(you)(you)100家(jia),也(ye)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)說(shuo)有(you)(you)200家(jia),眾說(shuo)紛紜.現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)纜(lan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)最擔(dan)心的(de)(de)是產(chan)能過剩以及鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)品質量如何保(bao)證,不(bu)(bu)要(yao)再把這個新興的(de)(de)市場搞濫(lan)了(le).現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)已(yi)有(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)將(jiang)鋁(lv)電(dian)纜(lan)當鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)出售,以獲取(qu)高額利潤.值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得警惕!在(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo),即使是最大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)廠(chang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)內(nei)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)年(nian)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)達到(dao)100億(yi)元(yuan),這只能騙騙不(bu)(bu)知情的(de)(de)投資(zi)者;如果在(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)來5年(nian)內(nei)我國(guo)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)市場規模能達到(dao)2000億(yi)元(yuan),那么這個數字相當于(yu)2012年(nian)整(zheng)個行(xing)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)16%,僅此(ci)一個鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)品,能達到(dao)如此(ci)高的(de)(de)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)啻天方夜譚.

    應該理性看待電力電纜中的"以鋁(lv)代銅"

    中(zhong)國經濟時報:目前在產能(neng)過剩(sheng)(sheng)的大(da)背(bei)景(jing)下,在電力電纜領域"以鋁代銅"的呼(hu)聲似乎愈(yu)來(lai)愈(yu)高(gao),其中(zhong)有(you)沒有(you)合理的成(cheng)分?對于銅鋁行業的產能(neng)過剩(sheng)(sheng)問題的化(hua)解(jie)會產生哪些影響?

    王厚余:盲(mang)目(mu)提倡"以鋁代(dai)銅(tong)"將對(dui)(dui)政府決策、技(ji)術進步(bu)、行(xing)業發展,甚至對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜市(shi)場的有序運行(xing)造成誤導,鋁及鋁合金導體(ti)難(nan)以完全替代(dai)銅(tong)導體(ti),必須要(yao)理性慎(shen)重看待(dai)銅(tong)鋁替代(dai)問題,鼓勵銅(tong)鋁導體(ti)在電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜領(ling)域的良性競(jing)爭,警惕(ti)惡性競(jing)爭,防止"以鋁代(dai)銅(tong)"等盲(mang)目(mu)推行(xing)鋁導體(ti)的口號致使產(chan)品質量下降、生產(chan)大起大落(luo)、市(shi)場秩(zhi)序被(bei)破(po)壞.

    第一(yi),導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能上,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)具有絕(jue)對優勢.從(cong)(cong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能方面看(kan),鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)率(lv)只有銅(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)60%左(zuo)右(you),鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)更差(cha)些.在抗(kang)(kang)氧化腐蝕能力方面,由于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)元素有不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)原子結構(gou),鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)化學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)要(yao)(yao)活潑得(de)多,因(yin)此鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)氧化腐蝕能力比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)差(cha)得(de)多,無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)純鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)還是(shi)(shi)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)都(dou)一(yi)樣,因(yin)此其起(qi)火概(gai)率(lv)大(da)約(yue)為銅(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)10倍(bei)左(zuo)右(you).在抗(kang)(kang)電(dian)(dian)化腐蝕能力方面,鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)位(wei)比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)低得(de)多,鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)因(yin)而很容易被(bei)電(dian)(dian)化腐蝕,特別是(shi)(shi)在鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或其它導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相接(jie)觸的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下.從(cong)(cong)熱(re)膨脹角(jiao)度(du)來看(kan),鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)線性(xing)(xing)(xing)膨脹系(xi)數(shu)遠大(da)于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)純鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)還是(shi)(shi)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)膨脹系(xi)數(shu)基本是(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de),這會導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致熱(re)脹冷縮后的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸不(bu)良,甚至產(chan)生接(jie)觸不(bu)緊密、氧化發熱(re)等事故,并且(qie)會惡性(xing)(xing)(xing)循(xun)環.從(cong)(cong)抗(kang)(kang)張強度(du)和(he)抗(kang)(kang)蠕(ru)變能力角(jiao)度(du)看(kan),從(cong)(cong)極限抗(kang)(kang)張強度(du)和(he)屈服抗(kang)(kang)張強度(du)來比較,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)最好,純鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)最差(cha),鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)相比純鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)有較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)改進,但(dan)仍(reng)不(bu)及(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti).綜合(he)幾個方面的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能來看(kan),無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能還是(shi)(shi)耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)能,均為銅(tong)(tong)(tong)優于(yu)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)及(ji)(ji)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin).

    第二,在(zai)技術安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)上(shang),中(zhong)國(guo)不適宜大(da)(da)量(liang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋁(lv)(lv)及(ji)鋁(lv)(lv)合金導(dao)體(ti)(ti).在(zai)特別強(qiang)(qiang)調安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)可靠、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)系數要求較高的情形下(xia)必(bi)須使用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)體(ti)(ti),在(zai)有(you)較強(qiang)(qiang)振動(dong)、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜容易折斷、高溫潮濕(shi)的環(huan)境下(xia)也應(ying)使用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)體(ti)(ti),比如(ru)操作線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路、二次線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路、勵磁線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈、消防線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路.在(zai)居(ju)民(min)住宅(zhai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路中(zhong),為保障居(ju)民(min)生命財產安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),必(bi)須全(quan)(quan)(quan)部采(cai)用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).而(er)在(zai)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)腐蝕性的環(huan)境下(xia),以(yi)及(ji)架空輸電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路、較大(da)(da)截面的中(zhong)頻線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路和高頻線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路等情況下(xia),在(zai)管理水平較高的前提(ti)下(xia)才可以(yi)使用(yong)(yong)鋁(lv)(lv)來替代(dai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong).美國(guo)等發達(da)國(guo)家(jia)即對鋁(lv)(lv)及(ji)鋁(lv)(lv)合金電纜的使用(yong)(yong)進(jin)(jin)行了嚴(yan)格限制(zhi),對生產流(liu)程(cheng)、產品(pin)質量(liang)、安(an)裝標準、維(wei)修技術進(jin)(jin)行嚴(yan)格規定(ding),我國(guo)尚未達(da)到(dao)足夠的技術水平,出于安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)考慮不適宜大(da)(da)量(liang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋁(lv)(lv)及(ji)鋁(lv)(lv)合金導(dao)體(ti)(ti).

    第(di)三(san),在(zai)經濟(ji)效益(yi)上(shang),鋁(lv)芯(xin)電(dian)纜具有優(you)勢.電(dian)力電(dian)纜的經濟(ji)選(xuan)型主(zhu)要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)整個全生命周期(30年(nian))投資(zi)和(he)(he)損耗(hao)(hao)費用(yong)之(zhi)和(he)(he)最小的選(xuan)項.在(zai)線路運行過程(cheng),30年(nian)的損耗(hao)(hao)所(suo)耗(hao)(hao)費的成(cheng)本要(yao)遠遠高于(yu)初期投資(zi)建設(she)的費用(yong),銅導(dao)(dao)體(ti)由于(yu)其導(dao)(dao)電(dian)率高、電(dian)阻(zu)小,平均損耗(hao)(hao)要(yao)低于(yu)鋁(lv)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)和(he)(he)鋁(lv)合金(jin)導(dao)(dao)體(ti).但是(shi)經濟(ji)選(xuan)型取決于(yu)應用(yong)方(fang)向和(he)(he)設(she)計使用(yong)年(nian)限,房地產等行業的主(zhu)要(yao)投資(zi)集(ji)中在(zai)初期建設(she)階段,選(xuan)用(yong)鋁(lv)或鋁(lv)合金(jin)就更(geng)為經濟(ji).

    第四,在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)已經(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia),再推動鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜替代銅(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜,勢必造成大(da)批銅(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜設備閑(xian)置(zhi).過(guo)去我(wo)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)政策有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)失誤,市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上(shang)已經(jing)出現了一定(ding)程度的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng),但是消除產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)必須要用客觀的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa),應避免政府和行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)被個別企業(ye)綁架的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)制定(ding)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)政策,從而(er)進一步擴大(da)過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)導致二(er)次過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng).以鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜替代銅(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜不(bu)僅不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)鋁(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)問題,反(fan)而(er)會帶來更嚴重的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)問題.據估(gu)算,替代100萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)銅(tong)(tong),僅產(chan)(chan)(chan)生50萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)鋁(lv)需(xu)求,這對于化(hua)解(jie)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)3000萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)、過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)800萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)冶(ye)煉行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)恐怕是杯水車薪.而(er)減少的(de)(de)(de)100萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)銅(tong)(tong)需(xu)求,則會對精銅(tong)(tong)消費總需(xu)求僅900萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)造成巨大(da)沖(chong)擊(ji).而(er)目前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜相關行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)已經(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng),據統計(ji),2014年(nian)國(guo)(guo)內銅(tong)(tong)桿行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)約為1162萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),實(shi)際產(chan)(chan)(chan)量約為565萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)利(li)用率(lv)僅為49%;然(ran)而(er)在(zai)(zai)5年(nian)前,行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)利(li)用率(lv)還保持在(zai)(zai)60%以上(shang).

    全方位系(xi)統性(xing)解(jie)決

    中國經濟時報:對于電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜行業(ye)出現的(de)(de)這種有失偏頗的(de)(de)論調和做法,您有什么具(ju)體建議(yi)?

    谷樹忠:電(dian)力電(dian)纜市場(chang)出現的(de)這種現象,既有(you)(you)(you)產能過剩問題(ti)凸顯的(de)背景,也有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)關(guan)行業轉型升級(ji)滯后(hou)的(de)傳統問題(ti),還有(you)(you)(you)市場(chang)作用發揮有(you)(you)(you)限甚至(zhi)扭曲的(de)原因,也說明政府監管亟待加(jia)強.所以,要全方(fang)位系(xi)統性加(jia)以解決(jue).

 ;   首先,我國(guo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁資(zi)源(yuan)都相對匱乏,所以(yi)應該(gai)加強我國(guo)多渠(qu)道獲取(qu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁資(zi)源(yuan)的能力.保(bao)障我國(guo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁資(zi)源(yuan)的資(zi)源(yuan)安全,就必(bi)須多角度(du)、多渠(qu)道加強我國(guo)獲取(qu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁資(zi)源(yuan)的能力.

    我(wo)國目(mu)前(qian)(qian)獲取(qu)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)銅(tong)鋁資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)已取(qu)得(de)初(chu)步進展,要(yao)繼續開(kai)(kai)拓秘魯、贊比亞、剛果等國家(jia)(jia)和(he)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)礦(kuang)產資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給(gei)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),發(fa)揮我(wo)國需求量大的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi),因(yin)地制(zhi)(zhi)宜降低成本,提高經(jing)濟(ji)效益,努(nu)力(li)以雙贏(ying)、多(duo)贏(ying)的(de)(de)(de)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)爭取(qu)全球優質(zhi)銅(tong)鋁資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),根(gen)據國內銅(tong)鋁資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求和(he)世界(jie)市場變化(hua)情況,適時開(kai)(kai)展銅(tong)鋁資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)儲備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo).要(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支持,建立和(he)完善政(zheng)府對海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)辦礦(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)宏觀調(diao)控政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)和(he)激勵(li)機制(zhi)(zhi),實施(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)辦礦(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)扶(fu)持政(zheng)策(ce)(ce),推(tui)進各部門聯(lian)動(dong)協調(diao)解決海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過程中(zhong)遇(yu)到的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治問題和(he)社區(qu)問題,為開(kai)(kai)發(fa)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)銅(tong)鋁礦(kuang)產資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供穩定政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)環(huan)境(jing).統籌開(kai)(kai)展國別(bie)研(yan)究與項目(mu)評估(gu),掌握(wo)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)銅(tong)鋁資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)動(dong)態、資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)潛力(li)、投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)環(huan)境(jing)和(he)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)前(qian)(qian)景(jing),制(zhi)(zhi)定海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)銅(tong)鋁資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)戰(zhan)略(lve),全面規劃、重(zhong)點突破、分步實施(shi),并從國家(jia)(jia)戰(zhan)略(lve)研(yan)究層面為企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)提供公共服務.要(yao)推(tui)動(dong)礦(kuang)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)、冶煉企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)合作(zuo),實行強(qiang)強(qiang)聯(lian)合大集團戰(zhan)略(lve),培育(yu)有國際競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)(de)(de)大企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),對外(wai)(wai)形成談判合力(li).支持我(wo)國企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與外(wai)(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)展經(jing)濟(ji)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)合作(zuo),聯(lian)合進行礦(kuang)產勘(kan)探、資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)和(he)冶煉加(jia)工(gong)(gong),共同開(kai)(kai)發(fa)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)銅(tong)鋁資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan).鼓(gu)勵(li)國內企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)采(cai)取(qu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)兼并、股份收(shou)購(gou)、購(gou)買開(kai)(kai)采(cai)權、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)換資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等方(fang)式(shi),多(duo)途徑拓寬海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)銅(tong)精礦(kuang)、鋁土礦(kuang)等資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)進口渠道.

    加強國(guo)內重點成礦(kuang)(kuang)地(di)帶的(de)普查(cha)與(yu)勘(kan)探,增加資(zi)源儲量(liang),提高查(cha)明(ming)資(zi)源儲量(liang)利用率,積極開(kai)展現有礦(kuang)(kuang)山深(shen)部邊部找(zhao)礦(kuang)(kuang),延長礦(kuang)(kuang)山服務年限.加強青藏(zang)等地(di)區銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)資(zi)源勘(kan)查(cha)力度,實施資(zi)源地(di)儲備,增強我國(guo)礦(kuang)(kuang)產資(zi)源在國(guo)際市場的(de)話語權.

    金屬回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)生(sheng)是獲取銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源的(de)重要渠道(dao),要積極推(tui)(tui)進(jin)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)舊銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)利用(yong),統籌(chou)兼顧國(guo)內外廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)舊銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源市(shi)(shi)場(chang).目(mu)前我(wo)國(guo)再(zai)生(sheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)占銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)近(jin)40%,廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)鋁(lv)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)率也已達20%,預計(ji)未(wei)來隨著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)消費量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)增加(jia),金屬回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)生(sheng)比(bi)例(li)將進(jin)一步提高(gao).要嚴格(ge)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)口商資格(ge)審批,調查國(guo)外廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)供應(ying)商資信(xin)狀(zhuang)況,推(tui)(tui)進(jin)進(jin)口商與(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)外高(gao)信(xin)譽供貨商建立長(chang)期合作伙(huo)伴關系,穩(wen)定(ding)和拓(tuo)展(zhan)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)進(jin)口渠道(dao).規范廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)口的(de)審批檢驗程(cheng)序,嚴格(ge)限制(zhi)低品位(wei)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)口,降(jiang)低廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)關時(shi)間(jian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)經濟成本,提高(gao)優質(zhi)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原料通(tong)關效率.加(jia)強國(guo)內銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源的(de)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)利用(yong),推(tui)(tui)廣城市(shi)(shi)礦山(shan)利用(yong)方面的(de)先進(jin)技術與(yu)(yu)(yu)模(mo)式.推(tui)(tui)動科研(yan)(yan)院校(xiao)、設(she)計(ji)單位(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)業聯合進(jin)行廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)利用(yong)實(shi)用(yong)技術的(de)研(yan)(yan)發,積極研(yan)(yan)發推(tui)(tui)廣清潔生(sheng)產工藝與(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)備,完(wan)善廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)鋁(lv)的(de)分揀手段(duan),降(jiang)低廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)分類、重熔冶煉對環境的(de)污染,提高(gao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源綜合利用(yong)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和效率.

    其次,推(tui)進我國(guo)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)相(xiang)關產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)和提(ti)(ti)質增(zeng)效.推(tui)進我國(guo)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)質增(zeng)效,實現轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji).要解決我國(guo)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)冶(ye)煉和加工產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)目前(qian)存在的不同(tong)程度(du)(du)的產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)過剩(sheng)、技(ji)(ji)術水平落(luo)(luo)后(hou)和環境污染等問題.控制(zhi)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)總量規(gui)模(mo),嚴格審查新(xin)上低附加值銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)項目,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)冶(ye)煉行業(ye)(ye)(ye)準(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)門(men)檻,促進銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)有序平穩發展(zhan).減(jian)少(shao)政府對(dui)市(shi)(shi)場的直接干(gan)預,加強市(shi)(shi)場在銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)資源(yuan)配置中的作(zuo)用(yong),通過提(ti)(ti)高(gao)技(ji)(ji)術標準(zhun)(zhun)、環境污染物排放(fang)標準(zhun)(zhun)、能(neng)(neng)耗、地耗、礦耗等標準(zhun)(zhun),讓市(shi)(shi)場自行消化過剩(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)、淘汰落(luo)(luo)后(hou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye).促進上下游及周(zhou)邊(bian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈整(zheng)合,延伸產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈長度(du)(du),擴大產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模(mo),優化產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構.出臺相(xiang)關支持(chi)政策,鼓勵各類企業(ye)(ye)(ye)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)中小型(xing)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)加大科技(ji)(ji)投入(ru)和研(yan)發力(li)度(du)(du),發展(zhan)特(te)型(xing)、特(te)種材料,優化供給側結(jie)構性調整(zheng).鼓勵企業(ye)(ye)(ye)海外投資,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)國(guo)際話語權和競(jing)爭力(li).推(tui)動科研(yan)攻關,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)科技(ji)(ji)含(han)量,鼓勵企業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji),組建技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)戰略聯盟(meng),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)對(dui)高(gao)附值新(xin)產(chan)(chan)品的政策、資金及人力(li)支持(chi),研(yan)發優化產(chan)(chan)品結(jie)構,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)競(jing)爭力(li).嚴格環境準(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)標準(zhun)(zhun),推(tui)進銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術與(yu)裝備升(sheng)級(ji),倡(chang)導全產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排.通過轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)、提(ti)(ti)質增(zeng)效,突破產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)過剩(sheng)、技(ji)(ji)術水平和資源(yuan)環境三大壓力(li).

    再者,發揮(hui)市場(chang)在電力(li)電纜(lan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)銅鋁(lv)資(zi)(zi)源配(pei)置(zhi)中的(de)決定(ding)性作用(yong),加強政府監督力(li)度.要發揮(hui)市場(chang)在銅鋁(lv)資(zi)(zi)源配(pei)置(zhi)中的(de)決定(ding)性作用(yong),兼(jian)顧技(ji)術可行(xing)、安全保障、經(jing)濟合理、施工維(wei)護和節能環保等多個方(fang)面(mian),讓企業(ye)(ye)和用(yong)戶依(yi)據銅鋁(lv)產(chan)品的(de)技(ji)術和經(jing)濟特點(dian)做出適合自身情況的(de)選擇,減少政府直接干(gan)預產(chan)業(ye)(ye)政策對(dui)市場(chang)秩序造成的(de)干(gan)擾.

    加大政府對(dui)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)行(xing)業(ye)市(shi)場監督力度.要嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準(zhun),公開產(chan)品(pin)信息,規范市(shi)場秩(zhi)序(xu)(xu),保(bao)護科學(xue)良性(xing)競(jing)爭(zheng),防止同質化(hua)惡(e)性(xing)競(jing)爭(zheng),反對(dui)虛假宣傳與欺詐行(xing)為,通(tong)過明(ming)確(que)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產(chan)業(ye)中(zhong)銅鋁材料選用的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準(zhun),淘汰落后(hou)產(chan)能(neng),減少低(di)品(pin)質產(chan)品(pin)惡(e)性(xing)競(jing)爭(zheng)對(dui)市(shi)場秩(zhi)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)擾(rao)亂(luan).優化(hua)市(shi)場激勵懲(cheng)罰機制,改變(bian)單(dan)一(yi)罰款的(de)(de)(de)質量監督懲(cheng)罰方式,嚴(yan)(yan)肅(su)處理(li)可能(neng)帶來安全隱(yin)患的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin),改變(bian)單(dan)一(yi)低(di)價的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)標(biao)方式,為高質量產(chan)品(pin)提供足夠的(de)(de)(de)激勵.嚴(yan)(yan)防在技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)過程中(zhong)出現的(de)(de)(de)尋租腐敗行(xing)為,杜絕個別企業(ye)左(zuo)右技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)制定的(de)(de)(de)情況發生(sheng),保(bao)持(chi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)公正性(xing)和(he)合理(li)性(xing).杜絕錯誤的(de)(de)(de)宣傳引導,謹防錯誤口號誤導輿論、損及企業(ye)利(li)益和(he)國家(jia)發展.

    鼓勵(li)和支持(chi)電力(li)電纜新技術的研發(fa)(fa)與(yu)推(tui)廣,提高電力(li)電纜性(xing)能(neng),大力(li)推(tui)動高等院校與(yu)設(she)計單(dan)位、企業之間聯(lian)合開(kai)展(zhan)銅(tong)鋁(lv)材料新技術的研發(fa)(fa)與(yu)推(tui)廣.推(tui)進銅(tong)鋁(lv)電力(li)電纜回收再(zai)利用技術的研究,促(cu)進循環經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),鼓勵(li)和推(tui)廣資源節約、環境友好的技術,拓(tuo)寬銅(tong)鋁(lv)導體在電力(li)電纜行業中的應用領域.