鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)是最重要(yao)的(de)(de)有(you)色金屬，也是國民經濟發(fa)展的(de)(de)重要(yao)基礎性材料。近幾十年來(lai)世(shi)界鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)電解技術(shu)有(you)了巨大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)進(jin)步，然而大(da)(da)(da)幅度降低鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)電解能耗的(de)(de)技術(shu)難(nan)題卻久(jiu)攻不破。作為(wei)世(shi)界第一產鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)(da)國，節(jie)能降耗對(dui)提高我國鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)電解工(gong)業的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)力具(ju)有(you)更為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)意義。東北大(da)(da)(da)學、中(zhong)國鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)業股份有(you)限公司等(deng)自 2007年起開始對(dui)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)電解重大(da)(da)(da)節(jie)能技術(shu)進(jin)行系統研究，并(bing)成功(gong)開發(fa)出新型陰極結(jie)構鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)電解槽成套(tao)技術(shu)。

    據介紹(shao)，該成(cheng)果(guo)建(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)(le)高(gao)效節能新(xin)(xin)型(xing)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)理論，攻破(po)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耗難(nan)(nan)于(yu)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)降低(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)難(nan)(nan)題(ti)，提出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)生產(chan)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)路線，引領了(le)(le)(le)(le)當代世界鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)節能技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一場重要變革。項目(mu)組(zu)在世界上(shang)首創(chuang)(chuang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)具有減波功(gong)能、提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)內鋁(lv)液(ye)面(mian)(mian)穩定性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，解(jie)(jie)(jie)決了(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)鋁(lv)液(ye)磁流(liu)體波動(dong)(dong)幅(fu)度(du)大(da)、難(nan)(nan)于(yu)穩定運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)難(nan)(nan)題(ti)，將(jiang)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)液(ye)面(mian)(mian)波幅(fu)降低(di)(di)(di)了(le)(le)(le)(le) 1cm以上(shang)，從(cong)而(er)在保(bao)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，將(jiang)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降低(di)(di)(di) 0.3伏(fu)以上(shang)，使(shi)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)噸鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耗大(da)幅(fu)度(du)降低(di)(di)(di) 900~1100 kWh;首創(chuang)(chuang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)保(bao)溫型(xing)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)內襯(chen)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)設計技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，打破(po)了(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)型(xing)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)必須(xu)強制(zhi)散熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統設計理念(nian)，解(jie)(jie)(jie)決了(le)(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在低(di)(di)(di)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓運(yun)行(xing)狀態下(xia)保(bao)持(chi)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)難(nan)(nan)題(ti)；還創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)開發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)(le)與新(xin)(xin)型(xing)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)相適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)污染、低(di)(di)(di)能耗、防早期破(po)損(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)絕緣焦粒焙(bei)燒啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和(he)火焰——鋁(lv)液(ye)焙(bei)燒啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，解(jie)(jie)(jie)決了(le)(le)(le)(le)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)表面(mian)(mian)具有溝槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)焙(bei)燒啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)難(nan)(nan)題(ti)，降低(di)(di)(di)了(le)(le)(le)(le)焙(bei)燒啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)能耗，提高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)。完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)成(cheng)套產(chan)業化核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，達到了(le)(le)(le)(le)世界領先技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)(ping)。

    新(xin)型陰極結構鋁(lv)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽技術在世界著名(ming)的海德(de)魯鋁(lv)業公司(si)等國內外 30多家(jia)大型鋁(lv)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)廠進行了大規(gui)模產業化應用，總規(gui)模達到(dao) 416萬噸/年。與推廣前(qian)的 2008年相比，新(xin)型陰極結構鋁(lv)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽平均噸鋁(lv)電(dian)耗降低了 900~1100 kWh，實(shi)現年節(jie)電(dian)約 41億 kWh，減排當量(liang) CO2達 380余萬噸，年創經濟(ji)效益 20億元，經濟(ji)社會(hui)效益十(shi)分顯著。

    新型陰(yin)極結(jie)構鋁電(dian)解槽技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)推(tui)廣(guang)應用，使我(wo)國從產能世界(jie)第一的(de)鋁工(gong)業大國一躍成(cheng)(cheng)為單位電(dian)耗世界(jie)最低、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指標(biao)一流的(de)鋁工(gong)業技(ji)術(shu)(shu)強國。該(gai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為實現我(wo)國有色金(jin)屬產業振興(xing)規劃、提升我(wo)國鋁電(dian)解企(qi)業核心(xin)競爭力最重(zhong)要的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)支(zhi)撐。