鋁單板，顧名思(si)義是指用鋁材(cai)(cai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)鋁合金材(cai)(cai)料制成(cheng)(cheng)的板(ban)型材(cai)(cai)料。或(huo)(huo)(huo)者說是由扁鋁胚經(jing)加熱、軋延及(ji)拉直或(huo)(huo)(huo)固溶(rong)時效(xiao)熱等過(guo)程制造而成(cheng)(cheng)的板(ban)型鋁制品(pin)。可得到多種(zhong)顏色的噴涂表面，強度好(hao)，成(cheng)(cheng)本低，壽命長(chang)，若(ruo)不和(he)鋼鐵直接(jie)接(jie)觸，鋁單板(ban)掛在(zai)墻上，50年不會脫落和(he)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(解放(fang)前在(zai)天津用鋁單板(ban)作的屋頂(ding)至今(jin)仍然完好(hao))。

    建筑上使用的鋁單板包括單層鋁單板、復合鋁單板等多種材料，一般常常指單層鋁單板(也有叫單鋁單板或純鋁單板)，多用于建筑裝飾工程中，近年來在鋁單板幕墻中單層鋁單板使用(yong)的(de)較為(wei)多(duo)見。陽極氧化(hua)的(de)氧化(hua)膜一(yi)般在12μ以上，顏色只有古銅色和白色兩種，顏色單調，更為(wei)嚴重的(de)缺點是每塊鋁單板板面的(de)顏色深淺不(bu)一(yi)，許多(duo)塊幕(mu)墻(qiang)板組合(he)在一(yi)起形成(cheng)一(yi)個幕(mu)墻(qiang)整體效果非常難看。

    噴涂又分為粉沫噴涂和液體噴涂。加強(qiang)筋用LF21鋁(lv)帶，鋁(lv)帶的寬度(du)厚度(du)根據鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)面而定，一(yi)般厚2-2.5mm，寬10-25mm。所(suo)以(yi)鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)幕墻(qiang)(qiang)的鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)表面處理(li)，決不(bu)能(neng)用陽極氧化。鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)幕墻(qiang)(qiang)的鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)背(bei)面為什么(me)要安加強(qiang)筋，是在(zai)外界正負壓力的情況下(xia)，鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)一(yi)不(bu)會凹陷(xian)，二不(bu)會鼓(gu)出，這樣就避免了(le)鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)幕墻(qiang)(qiang)反復里外振動(dong)而發出的振動(dong)聲音。

    單(dan)層(ceng)整體(ti)沖壓成(cheng)形鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)是用單(dan)層(ceng)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)特制加工制成(cheng)的(de)，為(wei)(wei)配合建筑外飾(shi)造形而采用的(de)異型鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)墻(qiang)面，可把它視為(wei)(wei)單(dan)層(ceng)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)一種特殊情。我國為(wei)(wei)了減輕(qing)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)重量，增加鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)強度，我們采用鋁(lv)(lv)合金板(ban)(ban)(ban)，常選用21號防銹鋁(lv)(lv)代號LF21壓成(cheng)的(de)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)作幕墻(qiang)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。

    由于單層鋁(lv)單板較蜂窩(wo)鋁(lv)單板更易彎折加工和成形(xing)復雜形(xing)狀，能夠更好地(di)適應變化無盡的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)外墻(qiang)裝飾的(de)(de)(de)需求，一(yi)般認為單層鋁(lv)單板作鋁(lv)單板幕墻(qiang)材料(liao)為最(zui)好。液體噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)料(liao)即氟(fu)碳聚合物噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)料(liao)，俗稱為氟(fu)化碳噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)料(liao)，是用以制造漆油(you)的(de)(de)(de)氟(fu)碳聚合物樹脂(zhi)，作金屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)罩面漆，與氟(fu)的(de)(de)(de)結合是目前最(zui)穩固的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)子結合。由于鋁(lv)單板并非(fei)是由一(yi)批號，化學成份均(jun)(jun)有小的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別，再(zai)加上氧化時(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)槽液電(dian)(dian)流密度等因素均(jun)(jun)無法完全一(yi)樣，所(suo)以氧化后的(de)(de)(de)顏色多少均(jun)(jun)有差(cha)異，單張看(kan)可能不明(ming)顯，若都排在一(yi)起即非(fei)常明(ming)顯。該(gai)噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)粉沫，耐撞碰耐磨擦，在50公(gong)斤撞擊(ji)下(xia)，鋁(lv)單板變形(xing)，噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)層無裂紋，無掉層完整無損，抗稀酸(suan)及砂漿(jiang)。

    鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚度由原(yuan)來3mm減少為2.5mm，該合金強度比純(chun)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)高(gao)出一倍左右(you)。鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚度為3mm，為了(le)加(jia)(jia)強鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面強度，在(zai)(zai)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)背面，必須安裝加(jia)(jia)強筋(jin)(jin)(現有的(de)(de)廠家不(bu)安)，加(jia)(jia)強筋(jin)(jin)用(yong)厚的(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)帶(dai)做(zuo)成。先用(yong)閃光焊機把一顆顆螺(luo)(luo)絲帽(mao)焊在(zai)(zai)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)背面然(ran)后(hou)(hou)把作(zuo)加(jia)(jia)強筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)條(tiao)鉆孔套進(jin)螺(luo)(luo)絲內(nei)，用(yong)螺(luo)(luo)絲固定。單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)一般(ban)用(yong)純(chun)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。國內(nei)不(bu)少廠家生產(chan)的(de)(de)噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)粉(fen)(fen)沫(mo)，重量差異(yi)甚大，有的(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)沫(mo)含金屑這種粉(fen)(fen)沫(mo)在(zai)(zai)掛到(dao)墻面以后(hou)(hou)，隨陽(yang)光角(jiao)度變化，白(bai)天和黃昏有變化，墻面顏色深淺有差異(yi)，選用(yong)粉(fen)(fen)沫(mo)噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)料希引(yin)起注意。

    單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕墻，是用純鋁(lv)3mm或(huo)LF212.5mm鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)做幕墻板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是因(yin)電(dian)(dian)栓焊(han)接技(ji)術的(de)發(fa)展而發(fa)展，電(dian)(dian)栓焊(han)實(shi)現了在單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)飾(shi)面(mian)的(de)背(bei)面(mian)加(jia)(jia)固焊(han)接加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)筋(jin)，又不破(po)壞鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)飾(shi)面(mian)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)易折彎加(jia)(jia)工成復雜的(de)形狀(zhuang)，強(qiang)度高壽命(ming)長(可(ke)達50年)，因(yin)而它的(de)出現使鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕墻在加(jia)(jia)工形式和安(an)裝構(gou)造形式都豐富了許多。

    幕(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板表面處(chu)理，可分為二種方法：一(yi)(yi)(yi)種是陽極氧化(hua)，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種是靜電噴涂(tu)。唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)缺(que)點怕紫外線(xian)長期照(zhao)射，幾年后易產生陰(yin)陽面顏(yan)色(se)的(de)差異。壽命(ming)可能(neng)更(geng)長一(yi)(yi)(yi)些和(he)建筑物(wu)壽命(ming)相匹配。如果需要(yao)隔音保(bao)溫，可在鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板內(nei)側，安放巖棉(mian)、礦渣棉(mian)或發(fa)泡(pao)處(chu)理。粉(fen)沫(mo)噴涂(tu)材料主要(yao)為：聚氨酯(zhi)、聚脹樹脂、環氧樹脂等原(yuan)料配以高(gao)保(bao)色(se)性顏(yan)料，可得到(dao)幾十種不同顏(yan)色(se)的(de)噴涂(tu)粉(fen)沫(mo)。鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板幕(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)也是幕(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種形式，簡單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)地說是用鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板代替玻(bo)璃制(zhi)成幕(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)，鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板幕(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)多用于作墻(qiang)(qiang)體蔽護和(he)不采(cai)光的(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)壁，國外的(de)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板幕(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直選(xuan)用單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板。