“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)4.0”開始(shi)進入我們的視(shi)線(xian)了，我們已經面(mian)臨(lin)(lin)著它的挑戰。通(tong)俗地講，“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)4.0”就是(shi)第四(si)次工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)，是(shi)德國聯邦(bang)教(jiao)研部(bu)與聯邦(bang)經濟技術(shu)(shu)部(bu)在2013年漢諾(nuo)威(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)博覽會上提出的。會議出版了一部(bu)帶有(you)濃厚文集色彩的書，名(ming)(ming)為《工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)4.0：即將面(mian)臨(lin)(lin)的第四(si)次工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)》，由德國學者烏爾里希和森(sen)德勒教(jiao)授主編(bian)，同時還有(you)6位大型企業(ye)(ye)(ye)高管與名(ming)(ming)牌大學教(jiao)授參(can)與撰寫。他(ta)們認為，繼(ji)前三次工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)之后的第四(si)次工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)已悄然(ran)來臨(lin)(lin)，其核(he)心(xin)內容有(you)三：一是(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠，實現(xian)(xian)生產(chan)(chan)系統(tong)及過程的網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)；其次是(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)能生產(chan)(chan)，實現(xian)(xian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的物流管理，人機互(hu)動及3D技術(shu)(shu)的廣泛智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)；三是(shi)物流智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)，通(tong)過互(hu)聯網(wang)與物聯網(wang)等(deng)整(zheng)合(he)物資(zi)源。

　　“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)4.0”來了，鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)該怎樣應(ying)對(dui)呢？首先(xian)(xian)，應(ying)對(dui)它的(de)(de)(de)內容有(you)所了解(jie)，其(qi)實質是信息網(wang)絡技術與制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全方(fang)位高度融(rong)合(he)為一體(ti)。中國(guo)(guo)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)無論在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力(li)、產(chan)(chan)量、裝(zhuang)機水(shui)平(ping)(ping)、技術水(shui)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)方(fang)面均(jun)位居世界(jie)(jie)前列，但在(zai)研究(jiu)開發(fa)、管理與加工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)備制造等(deng)方(fang)面與工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家相比還(huan)有(you)較大差距(ju)。在(zai)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)域，鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)板(ban)塊總體(ti)上(shang)已(yi)躋(ji)身世界(jie)(jie)先(xian)(xian)進行(xing)列，有(you)世界(jie)(jie)最大的(de)(de)(de)600kA電(dian)(dian)解(jie)槽一個系列在(zai)魏(wei)橋鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)投產(chan)(chan)，原(yuan)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力(li)330kt/a，已(yi)平(ping)(ping)穩(wen)安全運行(xing)一年多(duo)，電(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)耗12500kWh/t鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，與迪拜鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、力(li)拓-加鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)一些鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)廠的(de)(de)(de)＜12500kWh/t鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)能耗相當。還(huan)有(you)報道稱，中南大學與其(qi)亞鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)在(zai)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)400kA的(de)(de)(de)槽型上(shang)取得12200kWh/t鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)好成(cheng)績，更有(you)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)耗低到11500kWh/t鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)~11700kWh/t鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)報道。筆者認為，中國(guo)(guo)原(yuan)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)具備了率先(xian)(xian)進入“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)4.0”時代的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)，成(cheng)為中國(guo)(guo)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)4.0”的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)頭羊(yang)。另外(wai)，原(yuan)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)品單一，工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝條件(jian)穩(wen)定，易于進行(xing)信息網(wang)技術與產(chan)(chan)品、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)深度全方(fang)位融(rong)合(he)。

　　其(qi)次，有(you)關部門最好有(you)人(ren)員收集(ji)“工(gong)業4.0”的信息(xi)與(yu)資料，條件(jian)成熟時召集(ji)小型專家座(zuo)談(tan)會與(yu)會議，進而制訂中國鋁(lv)工(gong)業“工(gong)業4.0”的發展路(lu)線，爭(zheng)取(qu)國家在政策層(ceng)面與(yu)資金方面的支持。

　　最(zui)后(hou)，要加(jia)(jia)強技術(shu)研發，加(jia)(jia)快轉(zhuan)型升級(ji)(ji)。加(jia)(jia)強研發才能(neng)(neng)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)才能(neng)(neng)發展，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)是(shi)基礎，“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業4.0”就是(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)。目(mu)(mu)前，鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)主(zhu)要在(zai)(zai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)比例，如果鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)解(jie)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)（平(ping)軋(ya)(ya)用扁錠、擠壓用圓錠）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例由(you)(you)目(mu)(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%左(zuo)右(you)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到60%以(yi)上(shang)，中(zhong)級(ji)(ji)深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)（半成品(pin)(pin)——板(ban)(ban)、帶(dai)(dai)、箔(bo)、管、棒、型、線、鍛件等）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例由(you)(you)2014年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%左(zuo)右(you)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到15%以(yi)上(shang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)級(ji)(ji)深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)即(ji)精密加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可供(gong)裝配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)配(pei)件如車(che)(che)輪、電(dian)子產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)零(ling)(ling)件、汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)零(ling)(ling)配(pei)件、軌道車(che)(che)輛等等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例能(neng)(neng)由(you)(you)目(mu)(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不到4%提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到8%左(zuo)右(you)，那么(me)電(dian)解(jie)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)結構就很合理了，經濟效益也(ye)會(hui)變(bian)好。鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業應該把更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半成品(pin)(pin)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為成品(pin)(pin)，由(you)(you)現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不到20%提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到40%左(zuo)右(you)，建筑鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)材(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)廠在(zai)(zai)這方面做得(de)較好，大中(zhong)型生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業已(yi)將相(xiang)當一(yi)部分型材(cai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成門窗、幕墻與模板(ban)(ban)，但還有(you)相(xiang)當大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展空間。中(zhong)國這一(yi)輪現代化鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)平(ping)軋(ya)(ya)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)波瀾壯闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)自(zi)2003年(nian)期歷(li)經15年(nian)可于2017年(nian)結束，形成板(ban)(ban)帶(dai)(dai)箔(bo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)超(chao)過15000kt/a，占世界總生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以(yi)上(shang)，為了迎接“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業4.0”時代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到來，中(zhong)國鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業已(yi)做好了準(zhun)備(bei)。鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)平(ping)軋(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)板(ban)(ban)塊(kuai)要做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有(you)：提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)制造特(te)別是(shi)自(zi)動(dong)化設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝控制系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成套(tao)供(gong)應能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，精深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)(ling)配(pei)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)；還應盡(jin)快建設(she)(she)(she)ABS（汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)身薄板(ban)(ban)）項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，美國正在(zai)(zai)建單一(yi)企業ABS生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)600kt/a的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠，我們(men)在(zai)(zai)建的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5個項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)還只不過500kt/a，值得(de)探(tan)討；鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)-鋰(li)合金板(ban)(ban)帶(dai)(dai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)也(ye)需要建設(she)(she)(she)，才能(neng)(neng)滿足未來航空航天工(gong)(gong)(gong)業發展需求。